Hydrocarbon motor



June 5, 3923. I

c. R. SHORT HYDRQCARBON MOTOR Filed April 24 1919 IN VEN TOR. I

ATTORNEY.

WITNESS:

Patented June 5, E923,

arren stares CHARLES REUBEN SHORT, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIG-NOR TO GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A. CORPORATION OF DEEAWARE.

HYDROCARBON MOTOR.

Application filed April 24, 1919. Serial No. 292,323.

T 0 a2 Z whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES R. SHORT, acitizen of the United States, and resident of Detroit, Wayne County, State of Michi an, have invented certain new and useful mprovements in Hydrocarbon Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to water cooled heads for internal combustion engines of the type or class which are made separate from the cylinder or cylinders of the engine, and are readily removable therefrom, and the object of my invention is to provide an improve detachable head which may be more readily and cheaply formed from cast metal than has heretofore been the case, because of the fact that no cores are necessary or employed in the production thereof, as has heretofore commonly been the case in making water cooled heads for east metalf A further feature of importance inherent in my improved detachable head and following from. the production thereof without the use of a core or cores is that a more uniform distribution of metal, and a more uniform thickness of the walls and strengthening webs of the head is secured than is the case when cores are employed to provide the chamber, passage, or passages throu h which the cooling liquidifiows, it being difficult if not in fact impossible to secure a definite and uniform thickness of the wall or walls, and a proper distribution of the metal, in a hollow cast structure which requires the use of cores for its production; because of the care involved in making the pattern and the core box insuch a way as to secure the neces sary size and form" relationship between the mould and the core, and in spacing the core properly within the mould and holding it in place during the castin operation. 1

My improved detacha 1e head is made up of two parts the moulds for which may be produced by simple moulding operation, thereby greatly reducing the cost 0 the finished head, and a further object and ad- -vantage secured in my invention is that the surfaces of the castings which collectively provide the water cooling assage or chamber may be readily got at uring the operation of cleaning the sand from the finlshed castings, whereas when a core is used to provide the water passage it 1s lmpossible to gain access to and to effectively and completely remove the encrusted sand from the inner surface of the water passage or chamare more readily and effectively secured and maintained while the head is in use than has heretofore been the case in detachable heads of the general type or class to which my invention relates.

With the above and other objects of. inventlon in view, my invention consists in the improved detachable head for internal combustion engines illustrated in the accompanying drawing and hereinafter described, and particularly claimed in the concluding claims.

The drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification illustrates what I regard as the best form of my invention, although it will be understood that'the same may be embodied in various other forms, and that my invention includes all such variations and modifications of the particular embodiment thereof illustrated and hereinafter described as come within the scope of the concluding claims wherein the. particular features wherein my invention consists are particularly pointed out.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a view showing my invention partly in side elevation and partly in section upon a vertical plane extending longitudinally of the water outlet manifold or conduit thereof;

Figure 2 is a view showing my invention in plan, the cover portion thereof being broken away in part to show features of the plate beneath it, and the plate being broken away in part to show the relation of the head to the engine cylinder, and;

Figure 3 is a View showing the cover as seen from a position to the left of Figures 1 and 2, and the plate and one of the cylin--- ders of the engine with which the head is used in section upon a vertical transverse plane.-

Referring now to the drawing, the refer ence numeral 4 designates a plate adapted to extend across and to close the open ends of ,four separate and distinct cylinders, the

openupper ends of all of which are closed by a single detachable head made in accordmice with my invention. My improved head, however, is capable of use either with one or with a plurality of cylinders, and a single cylinder block may obviously have its cylinders closed by a single one or by a plurality of heads made in accordance with my invention. Suitable valves such as are shown at 7, 8 are provided for controlling the flow of combustible mixture to and of exhaust gas from each cylinder, as will be understood. 7

The under side of the plate 4 is shown as provided with recesses 9, one associated with each cylinder, and the purpose of which recesses is to provide properly shaped combustion chambers and passages leading to the valves.- My invention, however, is not at all concerned with the form-of these recesses, and they may take any form, as determined by the choice of the designer, and may in fact be omitted altogether if the upper ends of the cylinders form the combustion chambers, and the flow of the gases to and from the cylinders is provided for otherwise than by a passage or passages in the plate. The ribs 10 serve to separate adjoining chambers 9, so that gas cannot flow from one cylinder to the next, as will be appreciated.

The upper side of the plate 4 is shown as provided with strengthening ribs 11, the number and disposition of which when present is entirely a matter of design with the end in view of providing a plate of sufficient strength to withstand the pressure within the cylinders, and will vary in difi'erent en- Hines and in designs embodying my invention and worked out by different designers. Said plate is also provided with bosses 12 upon its upper side having openings 13 adapted to receive spark plugs, and with a peripherally extending flange 14, and it will be appreciated that the plate as a whole is a flat structure with recesses in its upper surface formed by the flange 14 and the ribs 11, and with recesses 9 in its under side. Such a ,platemay be readily and cheaply made, as no cores are required in forming a mould therefor, and every part of the finished casting may be readily cleaned of sand, and its condition ascertained by visual inspection, as will be understood. v

rranged about the periphery of the plate 4 and extending through bosses projecting inward trom the flange 14 when the ribbed and recessed construction of plate is used, are holes 15, through which holes stud bolts or cap screws 16 extend, and whereby the detachable head as a whole is secured in place and to the cylinder block in a manner common in internal combustion engine construction. Additional holding down bolts 17 arranged along the central portion of the head are also shown as used in order to more effectively secure tight joints between the plate and the cylinder block at points remote from the peripherally arranged bolts, and to more certainly prevent leakage from the cylinder water jackets into the cylinders, the number and location of such bolts obviously being a matter of choice and design to be determined by the exigencies of each particular case. These last mentioned bolts extend through bosses 18 upon the upper side of the plate 4, and through bosses 19 upon the under side of the cover or cap 20, which last mentioned bosses abut against the bosses 18 and transmit force applied to the bolts 17 to the late 4. The, plate 4 is also provided with holes 21, as many being provided as may be deemed necessary, which holes establish a correspondingnumber of conduits, passages or communications through which water may flow from the water jacket space of the cylinder block, or from the water jackets of the several cylinders, into the interior of the head, as will be understood from Figure 3 of the drawing.

The cover or cap 20 overlays and extends throughout the entire area of and rests upon the plate 4, and has holes arranged along its periphery which register with the holes .15 in the said.-plate,'so that the bolts 16 extend throu h the holes in the cover and through the oles in the plate and fasten both said members to the cylinder block. This cover, being as will be observed an element entirely separate and distinct from the plate 4, is likewise a simple casting the mould for which may be readil and cheaply made, as no core is required or its formation except the short and simple cylindrical core used to form the neck 22 of the water outlet passage, and allsurfaces of the finished casting are exposed so that the encrusted sand may be readily removed therefrom by simple cleaning operations.

The cover co-operates with the plate to thereby provide a space, chamber or passage between thetwo within which the cooling liquid collects before it passes from the head through the tapering water outlet conduit or manifold 23 extending upwardly from the cover and leading to the water outlet connection or neck 22 through which the cooling liquid flows from the interior of the head, the said .water chamber being provided. in the embodiment of my invention memes illustrated, by spacing the cover away from the main body portion or horizontal web of the plate by means of the peripheral flange 14 thereof hereinbefore referred to, the recesses between the said web and the strengthening ribs 11 forming a part of the water chamber, as will be understood.

The side portions of the cover 20 incline upwardly and toward the water outlet conduit or manifold 23 in order to provlde for an easy flow of the water and to avoid the collection of steam or air within the head, and bosses 24 are provided upon the inner surface of the cover, which bosses register with the bosses 12 aforesaid upon the ,plate 4, and are provided with passages which communicate with the passages in the latter to form the openings 13 within which the spark plugs, not shown, are located.

The plate 4 and the cover 20 are preferably secured together to provide a unitary head which may be removed in its entirety from the cylinder block to gain access to the valves and pistons, this end being accomplished, in the embodiment of my invention 1 illustrated, by bolts 25 which extend upward through passages provided in the plate and the ends of which are in threaded engagement with holes in the cover. It will be appreciated, however, that these last mentioned bolts are not at all relied upon to secure tightness along the joint between the plate and the cover, such last mentioned end, as well also as the prevention of leakage along the joint between the plate 4 and the cylinder block, being secured by the holding down bolts 16 and 17, which bolts provide an extremely stron connection for both securing the head to t e block and for compressing the packings between the meeting surfaces of the elements which collectively form the head, one of which packings or gaskets is shown at 26, in Figure 2, and another of which will ordinarily be present between the peripheries of the plate 4 and the cover 20.

It will also be noted that ackings or gaskets are interposed between tlie bosses 24 of the cover 20 and the bosses 12 of the plate 4.

Having thus described and explained my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:--- a 1. In a detachable head ,for internal combustion engine cylinders, a plate adapted to close the open end of an engine cylinder and having holes arranged along its periphery adapted to receive bolts for securing the head in place, a conduit through which water may flow from the water jacket of the cylinder into the interior of the head, a cover s parate from said plate and resting thereugon and having holes arranged along its periphery and so located as to register with the holes at the periphery of said plate,

and which cover co-operates with said plate to provide a water receiving chamber between the two, means independent of the bolts whereby the head is secured in place upon the engine cylinder for securing said plate and cover together, and a water outlet conduit through which water may flow from the interior of said head; the construction and arrangement of the parts being such that the act of tightening the bolts which secure the cover and plate to the cylinder forces the peripheries of said elements toward one another and secures a water tight joint between said parts at the peripheries thereof.

2. In a detachable head for internal combustion engine cylinders, a plate adapted to close the open end of an engine cylinder and having holes arranged along its periphery and adapted to receive bolts for securing the head in place, and a passage through which water may flow from the water jacket of the cylinder into-the interior of the head,

a cover separate from said plate and resting.

thereupon and having holes arranged along its periphery and so located as to register with the holes at the periphery of said plate, and which cover cooperates with said plate to provide a water receiving chamber between the two, bolts independent of the bolts whereby the head is secured in place upon the engine cylinder and extending through passages provided in said plate and into threaded holes provided in said cover, and a water outlet conduit through which water may flow from the interior of said head; the construction and arrangement of the parts being such that the act of ti htening the bolts which secure the cover an plate to the cylinder forces the peripheries of said elements toward one another and secures a weter tight joint between said parts at the thereupon and having holes arranged along its periphery and so located as to register with the holes at the periphery of said plate, and which cover co-operates with said plate to provide a water receiving chamber between the two, bosses formed one upon said plate and the other upon said cover and so located as to register with one another, and

which bosses are provided each with an opening or passage, and a water outlet conduit through which water may flow from the interior of said head; the construction and arrangement of the parts being such that the act of tightening the bolts which secure" casting into contact with the cylinder with the cover and plate to the cylinder forces the peripheries of said elements toward one another and secures a water tight joint between said parts at the peripheries thereof.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder head formed from a casting and having a recess in its upper side and the entire upper side of which is open, so that the casting may be formed without the use of cores; a recessed top cap open throughout its entire under side so that it also may be formed without the use of cores, and which top cap fits said head and entirely covers the u per side thereof to form a chamber for the circulation of a cooling medium, said top cap having an open-bottom upwardly extending outlet conduit extending along the same and terminating in a neck-shaped outlet; and securing bolts spaced about the peri heries of said parts and adapted when tig tened to force said peripheries together and to also force the periphery of said first mentioned which the head is used.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder head formed of a casting having its entire upper side open so that it may be formed without the use of cores; a top cap open throughout its entire underside so that it also may be formed without the use of cores; and which top cap fits said head and entirely covers the upper side thereof to form a chamber for a cooling medium; bolts extending upward ,from the underside of said casting and through the same and into threaded openings provided in said top cap;

and registering passages spaced about the periphery of said casting and said top cap and extending through both said members, and adapted to receive fastening bolts whereby the head is secured to an engine cylinder.

In testimony whereof Iafiix my signature.

' CHARLES REUBEN SHORT. 

